Electronics Backpack

Contains about electronics information

Use Caution When Shopping Online For Electronics

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In this day and time it’s getting a lot easier and more convenient to shop online for electronics, but you must take certain precautions when you are visiting consumer electronic websites. One thing to remember is that all websites are not created equal and their are some things I want to point out to you that will help you a great deal when you are shopping online.

How does the website look?

Does the website look like it’s something that your little brother or sister tried to put up in one day? It takes a lot of time to build a quality website that’s neat and easy for you to navigate and understand. Also on the other hand you don’t want to get to a electronics website and to be bombarded with too much information. This is something that I see a lot of today.

The website should be simple, safe and easy to navigate. Their’s nothing more frustrating than to go to a site that’s not working properly.

Are the links working on the website?

How many websites have you been to and the links are not working properly? This is a huge red flag if their are links that give you that dreaded 404 error code. A well run electronics website should never have any bad links. If you come run into this problem simply e-mail or contact the owner stating the problem that occurred. The owner way even give you a special discount for doing so.

It’s a very uneasy feeling if you go to a website, whipped out you credit card, clicked on the item you wanted to buy only to find out the link doesn’t work? I don’t know about you, but my credit card would quickly go back into my pocket! Then I will be looking for another online electronics website to shop at.

Does the website have security banners?

Make sure the website that you would like to make a purchase has taken some security measures to safe guard your information. Most of the security seals or banners are located in prominent area of the website, usually on the top right hand side and at the bottom. If you don’t see this most likely this particular website doesn’t place high regard to your personal information.

Read all of the information that is in the privacy policy. The privacy policy will state what the website does with all of the information that it receives from you. You should avoid making purchases on sites that doesn’t have this basic information.

These are some simple and practical steps that you can take that will save you a ton of grief. It’s best to do an internet search on the site if you feel uneasy about it in any way. If the bad outweighs the good just simply move on to another electronics website.

Hope the tips that I shared with you will help the next time that you go online to shop.

Flybarless Rotor Heads – The Ins And Outs

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What was the flybar for anyway? The flybar performs three basic functions stabilization, amplificationof cyclic input, and resistance to pitch up in forward flight.

Stabilization: While hovering a wind gust may try and move (tilt) the main rotor. The flybar will be differently (less) affected, and the linkage system will adjust the pitch on the blades to resist the change.
Amplification of cyclic input: When the swashplate tilts and moves the flybar, aerodynamic forcesimposed by the flybar paddles change the spinning plane of the flybar, and again through a series oflinkages this then changes the pitch on the main rotor blades. This means the servos work less hard toachieve a cyclic input.
Resistance to pitch up in forward flight: In fast forward flight the blade advancing into the airflowcreates more lift than the blade retreating in the airflow. This causes a pitch up motion of the helicopter.The flybar again tries keeping in its own plane of rotation, and through the linkage system adjusts thepitch on the main blades to resist this change.

So the electronic components of the system take over these tasks from the flybarSo why ditch the flybar and change to a flybarless head setup?Flybarless helicopters have arguably better all round aerobatic performance. But they are also great forscale models, aerial photography platforms, etc
Advantages include:

Less rotating mass
Lower drag
Combination of longer flight time and better 3D performance
Less mechanical complexity
Infinitely tunable flight characteristics, including improved stability if desired
Looks cool!

What is required:

The Flybarless Head Itself It is ideal to purchase a custom designed flybarless head for your size of helicopter rather than try and modify an existing setup. There are several reasons for this:

The geometry of the head is important
You are purchasing a product that is known to work

Flybarless Electronics You require a system to take over the role of the flybar. There are two and three axis units on the market. For general flying a two axis unit (meaning you still require your own tail gyro) works very well. For 3D flying there are advantages of three axis units, however the two axis ones still hold their own.A two axis unit essentially contains two heading hold gyros (left/right and fore/aft cyclic). A three axis unit adds a tail rotor gyro also. Much like the way a traditional tail rotor heading hold gyro works, the cyclic gyros have the ability to stabilize the rotor head from wind gusts, etc.It is possible to fly a flybarless helicopter without electronic stabilization. However, the task is much easier with the help of an electronics package. You would not fly your helicopter without a tail gyro, would you?
Servo Selection Fast digital servos are preferable. But again, depending on your flying style,any reasonable servo will allow you to experience the flybarless feel.

In Flight: Flybarless helis can be set up to behave in an almost unlimited number of ways. With a flybar,it was time consuming (and expensive) to try a variety of flybar lengths, different paddles, and flybarweights. With the electronic flybar it is simply a matter of changing some of the programmableparameters in the unit itself and you have a whole new feel to the helicopter.There are some further flight differences with a flybarless heli. The cyclic controls now command acyclic rate from the rotor head. So if the helicopter is on the ground and even a small cyclic command isheld, the cyclic servos may move hard over to try and achieve the commanded cyclic rate. So it isimportant not to add cyclic control until the helicopter has lifted off.Autorotation performance is overall improved, but somewhat of a different technique is required torealize this increase in performance.

Basic Laws Of Electronics

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Thanks to the physical laws of electronics, circuit analysis is very procedural. This is the second entry in a tutorial in basic electronics. The first entry covered basic electronic concepts such as voltage, current, and power. This session will cover Ohm’s Law, and Kirchhoff’s Laws of voltage and current. These are the fundamental laws needed for circuit analysis and design.

Resistors and Ohm’s Law
Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist that in 1826 experimentally determined most basic laws that relate to voltage and current for a resistor.

Ohm’s law basically states that the resistance of a component (commonly a resistor) is equal to the voltage dropped over the resistor divided by the current going through it.

This law makes it relatively easy to find one of three values: voltage across a resistance, the resistance value itself, or the current flowing through the resistance (as long as the other two values are known).

Nodes, Branches, and Loops
These three concepts must be understood for basic circuit analysis. They help determine if components are in series or parallel and if the components share the same current or have the same voltage drops.

A branch represents a single circuit component such as a resistor or voltage source.

A node is a point where two or more branches connect.

A loop is any closed path in a circuit.

Elements are in series if they exclusively share a single node. Elements that are in series share the same current.

Elements are in parallel if they are connected to the same two nodes. Elements in parallel have the same voltage across them.

Kirchhoff’s Laws
The first of Kirchhoff’s Laws is Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL). This law states that the sum of all current entering a node or enclosed area of a circuit is equal to zero. Simply put, current entering a node or area equals the current leaving the node or area.

The second of Kirchhoff’s Laws is Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL). This law states that the sum of all voltages around a closed path or loop is equal to zero. Simply put, the sum of voltage drops equals the sum of voltage rises.

This is found by following the loop in one direction (the direction does not matter). If the positive terminal is hit first, the voltage is added. If the negative terminal is hit first, the voltage is subtracted. Together these values will equal zero.

Once all of the voltages are found, we can start the loop anywhere we want. I find it convenient to start at the negative terminal of a main voltage source. Since we hit a negative terminal first, we subtract it. Now we simply finish the loop and add the voltages together.

This law comes in very handy for analysis.

Basic DC Analysis
By combining Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws, basic DC circuits are relatively easy to analyze. Knowing that all voltages in a loop add up to zero and all currents entering a node, minus currents leaving a node also equals zero, most current and voltage values can be easily obtained.

If a loop contains one voltage source and multiple resistances, voltage division (eq. 1) should be used to find the value of voltage drops across the known resistances. Once the voltage across the known resistance is found, Ohm’s law (eq. 2) can be used to determine the current flowing through the resistance.

Eq.1 Voltage Division:
((voltage source in volts) (resistor of interest in ohms))/(sum of resistance in loop)

Eq.2 Ohm’s Law:
(voltage across a resistance) = (known resistance)(current flowing through resistance)

Keep in mind that resistors in series can be added to give total resistance between two nodes. The total resistance between two nodes that have resistors in parallel is found using eq. 3 below.

Eq. 3 Equivalent Resistance (Req) of Resistors in parallel:
Req = ((resistance in branch 1)(resistance in branch 2)) / (sum of resistances in both branches)

There is much more to be said about DC circuit analysis but most would go beyond the scope of this article. The purpose of this article is to give a basic understanding of the laws and concepts of basic electronics.

Other concepts that make DC circuit analysis easier are current division, mesh analysis, and nodal analysis. These techniques use the rules behind KVL, KCL, and Ohm’s Law but would require a visual example for thorough explanation.

I hope that this short tutorial has been helpful to anyone who is new to the world of electronics either as a hobbyist or as a technician trying to learn electronics repair.

Electronics Gadgets Hints What Is A Capacitive and Resistive Touch Screen

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You may have noticed a spate of gadgets being released recently that do not have any buttons but instead require the user to touch the things they want to interact with on the screen this is called touchscreen technology. But what precisely is touchscreen technology?

A Touch Screen is a device in a form of a display screen that is sensitive to touch and pressure. You can normally use a gadget by a touch of a finger or hand or by using a stylus. It is outfitted with an electronics visual display system which detects the presence of touch along its display range.

It also works as an input tool, where its interface can be modeled to palpable buttons. A touch screen can be used as a keyboard and its recent multi touch technology allows the touch screen to recognize handwritings and finger actions. It also recognizes graphics by plain touch on the screen.

electronics gadgets which are digital in nature makes use of the touch screen technology. It is normally used for ATM machines, sale terminals in the grocery or department stores, mobile phones, video games and PDAs or the personal digital assistant. Touch screens are graciously functional in hospital monitors which check on the progress of a patient, satellite navigation gadgets like a car navigation devices and for industrial usage like control panels. Touch screens became enormously popular since 2007 when Apple introduced iPhone and the iPad in 2010.

Kinds of Touch Screen technology

* The resistive touch screen technology has functioning layers made up of electrically metallic conductive and resistive sheets which gathers voltage from back to front to permit the controller to compute the user’s needs. This type of touch screen is affordable and resists dust and water, but it can be damaged by sharp items which come to contact.

* The surface wave touch screen technology on the other hand applies ultrasonic waves on the screen panel. This in turn sends the information required to process the user’s activities. This is the most advance technology available for a touch screen.

* The capacitive touch screen technology is layered and stores electrical charges. Upon the user’s touch, it is immediately transmitted for the processing of the information. It can only use fingers to harness the screen unlike the resistive and surface wave technologies which can make use of both fingers and stylus for navigation.

When buying touch screens, it is important to take note of the following:

* It should have features which you can easily use, like the ability for changing characters should you use it as a keyboard or as a mobile phone.

* The clarity of the display resolution is another important attribute.

* It should have a capable battery life and fast charging for you to fully utilize and make the most out of your gadget.

* It should be dirt, water and heat resistant, which makes cleaning very minimal.

* It should come with a warranty for repairs or change of parts.

With this helpful facts in mind, it won’t be hard to find your ideal electronics gadgets with touch screen features. Good luck on your touch screen hunting!

China’s Electronics Development Speed And Coverage

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China is extremely fast in developing new and modern machines, and with time, most of the machines used worldwide will be Chinese made. The reason behind the success in china electronics is their virtue of being fervent in nature. Many are the times when Chinese people observe what is already in the market, and strive to make better ones of the same nature. In being innovative, the Chinese electronics have advanced with time, and created a massive customer base among the nations. As long as someone is innovative in his ideas, and can come up with unique materials for his or her market, then success is normally on their side; this is what is happening to the Chinese electronics.

The readily available market in china is another reason why china electronics are developing and spreading out all over the world. The Chinese people are excellent marketers, and always ensure that they are capable handling multiple products at the same time. As long as there is a ready market for her produce, then china will continue dominating the electronics market, as the other competitors are struggling with the same. China exports most of its product to countries of all origin, whether developed, third world or developing. They do not discriminate in their marketing and value their customers as one. This has seen to the increased speed in which china is developing in the industry.

The other reason why china”s electronics are gaining momentum and coverage is the prices that come with the same. With china having all the production base and ready markets, it is capable of handling electronics to almost anyone, as its production cost is low. As long as china can supply high quality materials and products at a low cost, then it will never lack a market to sell its products, thus covering many areas of the continent. The reason why other competitors in the market are not able to transcend the china electronics, is because they carry the same quality, but at higher prices. This makes people go for what they can afford, considering it is the same quality.
Distribution is another key thing with china electronics and valuables. Whenever a Chinese company produces electronic products, it already knows its target market and distributes the merchandise to strategic places. With even distribution depending on demand, they are able to cater for the market”s needs, and dominate the market altogether. As long as a company can sell high quality products, and make it available to people of all genres, then it will be able to penetrate the market, and sell just as china electronics have done.

The price of each commodity is another key aspect that many companies should know. When producing goods, always make sure you cater for all the people whether they are rich or poor. According to an investment planner, for you to penetrate the market, establish your roots from the ground, upwards, this way, you will be able to understand the trends, and get a basing. Although buying at cheaper prices, the number of commodities bought in a day outweighs the one product bought by a single rich man.

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